-
Behavioural Brain Research Dec 2019The proliferation and ectopic migration of neural precursor cells (NPCs) in response to ischemic brain injury was first reported two decades ago. Since then, studies of... (Review)
Review
The proliferation and ectopic migration of neural precursor cells (NPCs) in response to ischemic brain injury was first reported two decades ago. Since then, studies of brain injury-induced subventricular zone cytogenesis, primarily in rodent models, have provided insight into the cellular and molecular determinants of this phenomenon and its modulation by various factors. However, despite considerable correlational evidence-and some direct evidence-to support contributions of NPCs to behavioral recovery after stroke, the causal mechanisms have not been identified. Here we discuss the subventricular zone cytogenic response and its possible roles in brain injury and disease, focusing on rodent models of stroke. Emerging evidence suggests that NPCs can modulate harmful responses and enhance reparative responses to neurologic diseases. We speculatively identify four broad functions of NPCs in the context of stroke: cell replacement, cytoprotection, remodeling of residual tissue, and immunomodulation. Thus, NPCs may have pleiotropic functions in supporting behavioral recovery after stroke.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Injuries; Brain Ischemia; Cell Differentiation; Disease Models, Animal; Lateral Ventricles; Nervous System; Neural Stem Cells; Neurogenesis; Neurons; Recovery of Function; Rodentia; Stroke; Stroke Rehabilitation
PubMed: 31493429
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112209 -
The Keio Journal of Medicine 2013Even in the adult brain, new neurons are continuously generated from endogenous neural stem cells that reside in two restricted regions: the subventricular zone (SVZ) of... (Review)
Review
Even in the adult brain, new neurons are continuously generated from endogenous neural stem cells that reside in two restricted regions: the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. These new neurons are integrated into the mature neuronal circuitry and become involved in various functions, thereby contributing to structural and functional plasticity in the adult brain. In this review, we summarize our recent findings on the regulatory mechanisms of SVZ neurogenesis under physiological and pathological conditions in various animal models. Some of these findings were presented in the Kitazato Prize Lecture at Keio University School of Medicine in 2011.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cell Movement; Cytoskeletal Proteins; Dentate Gyrus; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Lateral Ventricles; Neural Stem Cells; Neurogenesis; Neurons; Receptors, Notch; Recovery of Function; Wnt Signaling Pathway
PubMed: 23563788
DOI: 10.2302/kjm.2012-0005-re -
Experimental Gerontology Aug 2017In the anterior forebrain, along the lateral wall of the lateral ventricles, a neurogenic stem cell niche is found in a region referred to as the... (Review)
Review
In the anterior forebrain, along the lateral wall of the lateral ventricles, a neurogenic stem cell niche is found in a region referred to as the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ). In rodents, robust V-SVZ neurogenesis provides new neurons to the olfactory bulb throughout adulthood; however, with increasing age stem cell numbers are reduced and neurogenic capacity is significantly diminished, but new olfactory bulb neurons continue to be produced even in old age. Humans, in contrast, show little to no new neurogenesis after two years of age and whether V-SVZ neural stem cells persist in the adult human brain remains unclear. Here, we review functional and organizational differences in the V-SVZ stem cell niche of mice and humans, and examine how aging affects the V-SVZ niche and its associated functions.
Topics: Age Factors; Aging; Animals; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Humans; Lateral Ventricles; Neural Stem Cells; Neurogenesis; Olfactory Bulb; Prosencephalon; Species Specificity; Stem Cell Niche
PubMed: 27867091
DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.11.007 -
Cells Mar 2021Consecutive adult neurogenesis is a well-known phenomenon in the ventricular-subventricular zone of the lateral wall of the lateral ventricles (V-SVZ) and has been...
BACKGROUND
Consecutive adult neurogenesis is a well-known phenomenon in the ventricular-subventricular zone of the lateral wall of the lateral ventricles (V-SVZ) and has been controversially discussed in so-called "non-neurogenic" brain areas such as the periventricular regions (PVRs) of the aqueduct and the fourth ventricle. Dopamine is a known modulator of adult neural stem cell (aNSC) proliferation and dopaminergic neurogenesis in the olfactory bulb, though a possible interplay between local dopaminergic neurodegeneration and induction of aNSC proliferation in mid/hindbrain PVRs is currently enigmatic.
OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS
To analyze the influence of chronic-progressive dopaminergic neurodegeneration on both consecutive adult neurogenesis in the PVRs of the V-SVZ and mid/hindbrain aNSCs in two mechanistically different transgenic animal models of Parkinson´s disease (PD).
METHODS
We used Thy1-m[A30P]h α synuclein mice and Leu9'Ser hypersensitive α4* nAChR mice to assess the influence of midbrain dopaminergic neuronal loss on neurogenic activity in the PVRs of the V-SVZ, the aqueduct and the fourth ventricle.
RESULTS
In both animal models, overall proliferative activity in the V-SVZ was not altered, though the proportion of B2/activated B1 cells on all proliferating cells was reduced in the V-SVZ in Leu9'Ser hypersensitive α4* nAChR mice. Putative aNSCs in the mid/hindbrain PVRs are known to be quiescent in vivo in healthy controls, and dopaminergic deficiency did not induce proliferative activity in these regions in both disease models.
CONCLUSIONS
Our data do not support an activation of endogenous aNSCs in mid/hindbrain PVRs after local dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Spontaneous endogenous regeneration of dopaminergic cell loss through resident aNSCs is therefore unlikely.
Topics: Animals; Cell Proliferation; Dopamine; Humans; Lateral Ventricles; Mesencephalon; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neurogenesis; Receptors, Nicotinic; Rhombencephalon; alpha-Synuclein; Mice
PubMed: 33807497
DOI: 10.3390/cells10040775 -
PloS One 2019In a three-wave 6 yrs longitudinal study we investigated if the expansion of lateral ventricle (LV) volumes (regarded as a proxy for brain tissue loss) predicts third...
OBJECTIVE
In a three-wave 6 yrs longitudinal study we investigated if the expansion of lateral ventricle (LV) volumes (regarded as a proxy for brain tissue loss) predicts third wave performance on a test of response inhibition (RI).
PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS
Trajectories of left and right lateral ventricle volumes across the three waves were quantified using the longitudinal stream in Freesurfer. All participants (N = 74;48 females;mean age 66.0 yrs at the third wave) performed the Color-Word Interference Test (CWIT). Response time on the third condition of CWIT, divided into fast, medium and slow, was used as outcome measure in a machine learning framework. Initially, we performed a linear mixed-effect (LME) analysis to describe subject-specific trajectories of the left and right LV volumes (LVV). These features were input to a multinomial logistic regression classification procedure, predicting individual belongings to one of the three RI classes. To obtain results that might generalize, we evaluated the significance of a k-fold cross-validated f1-score with a permutation test, providing a p-value that approximates the probability that the score would be obtained by chance. We also calculated a corresponding confusion matrix.
RESULTS
The LME-model showed an annual ∼ 3.0% LVV increase. Evaluation of a cross-validated score using 500 permutations gave an f1-score of 0.462 that was above chance level (p = 0.014). 56% of the fast performers were successfully classified. All these were females, and typically older than 65 yrs at inclusion. For the true slow performers, those being correctly classified had higher LVVs than those being misclassified, and their ages at inclusion were also higher.
CONCLUSION
Major contributions were: (i) a longitudinal design, (ii) advanced brain imaging and segmentation procedures with longitudinal data analysis, and (iii) a data driven machine learning approach including cross-validation and permutation testing to predict behaviour, solely from the individual's brain "signatures" (LVV trajectories).
Topics: Aged; Aging; Female; Humans; Lateral Ventricles; Longitudinal Studies; Machine Learning; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Neuroimaging; Organ Size
PubMed: 30939173
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207967 -
Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound : the... May 2020Cholesterinic granulomas are mass-like lesions that form at the choroid plexus of the ventricular system. Large cholesterinic granulomas within the lateral ventricles...
Cholesterinic granulomas are mass-like lesions that form at the choroid plexus of the ventricular system. Large cholesterinic granulomas within the lateral ventricles have been reported to cause severe neurological signs. However, little data are available about their prevalence or appearance in the overall population. The objective was to report the prevalence of presumed cholesterinic granulomas on CT in a population of horses, and investigate associations between presumed cholesterinic granuloma presence, lateral ventricle size, age, and neurological signs. The study was cross sectional, CT scans of the head were assessed for presumed cholesterinic granuloma presence and size, and lateral ventricle height. Computed tomography findings and clinical information were compared using nonparametric testing. Computed tomography scans of 139 horses were included. Presumed cholesterinic granulomas were found in 22 horses (15.8%), nine were unilateral and 13 bilateral. A significant increase in prevalence was observed with age (P < .0001), with 38% of horses over 15 years old affected. The median volume of presumed cholesterinic granulomas was 242 mm with a range from 51 to 2420 mm . The mean lateral ventricle height was significantly increased in horses with presumed cholesterinic granulomas present (P = .004), with a median of 7.3 mm compared to 4.9 mm without. Neurological signs were not associated with presumed cholesterinic granuloma presence or lateral ventricle height. Fourth ventricle mineralizations were found in seven horses, which may represent cholesterinic granulomas. In conclusion, presumed cholesterinic granulomas occurred in a large proportion of the examined population and are associated with increased lateral ventricle dilation and advanced age.
Topics: Animals; Brain Diseases; Calcification, Physiologic; Calcinosis; Choroid Plexus; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Fourth Ventricle; Granuloma; Horse Diseases; Horses; Lateral Ventricles; Male; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 32020759
DOI: 10.1111/vru.12847 -
Medicine Nov 2018This study aims to find accurate angles and depths of lateral ventricle puncture using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) reconstruction, as well as to provide an optimized...
This study aims to find accurate angles and depths of lateral ventricle puncture using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) reconstruction, as well as to provide an optimized and alternative puncturing strategy.A total of 90 computed tomography (CT) images and 30 CT images with DTI were analyzed. The measurements were performed on coronal, sagittal, and horizontal planes. Some distances and angles were measured to determine the best angle and penetration depth during the puncture process. Important landmarks of the lateral ventricle were also measured, and a comparison of the differences between 2 hemispheres was also assessed.It showed that the vertical distance from the superior margin to inferior margin of the lateral ventricle was 22.2 ± 0.5 mm and the length was 124.1 ± 2.1 mm. In the frontal horn puncture approach, the penetration depth should be limited between 105.2 and 109.4 mm, the angle should be 71.6 ± 2.7°. During the occipital horn puncture approach, puncturing depth was from 90.7 to 111.4 mm, and angle was 15.3 ± 1.8°. Through the parietal lobe puncture approach, which was firstly brought out in this study, the puncturing length should be 124.4 to 130.2 mm and angle was 56.6 ± 2.0°.The traditional recommended protocol of lateral ventricle puncture is not accurate, the refined lateral ventricle puncture protocol established in this study will reduce injury and remain function. A DTI imaging examination combining with nerve fibers reconstruction were strongly recommended before lateral ventricle puncture, which will help neurosurgeons to determine the best puncturing angles and depth.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diffusion Tensor Imaging; Female; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Lateral Ventricles; Male; Middle Aged; Nerve Fibers; Parietal Lobe; Punctures; Retrospective Studies; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Young Adult
PubMed: 30407317
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000013095 -
Stem Cell Reports Jul 2023The adult subventricular zone (SVZ) is a neurogenic niche that continuously produces newborn neurons. Here we show that serine racemase (SR), an enzyme that catalyzes...
The adult subventricular zone (SVZ) is a neurogenic niche that continuously produces newborn neurons. Here we show that serine racemase (SR), an enzyme that catalyzes the racemization of L-serine to D-serine and vice versa, affects neurogenesis in the adult SVZ by controlling de novo fatty acid synthesis. Germline and conditional deletion of SR (nestin precursor cells) leads to diminished neurogenesis in the SVZ. Nestin-cre+ mice showed reduced expression of fatty acid synthase and its substrate malonyl-CoA, which are involved in de novo fatty acid synthesis. Global lipidomic analyses revealed significant alterations in different lipid subclasses in nestin-cre+ mice. Decrease in fatty acid synthesis was mediated by phospho Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase that was AMP-activated protein kinase independent. Both L- and D-serine supplementation rescued defects in SVZ neurogenesis, proliferation, and levels of malonyl-CoA in vitro. Our work shows that SR affects adult neurogenesis in the SVZ via lipid metabolism.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Lateral Ventricles; Nestin; Neurogenesis; Fatty Acids; Lipid Metabolism
PubMed: 37352848
DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.05.015 -
Journal of Neuro-oncology Nov 2016Tumors of the lateral and third ventricles are cradled on all sides by vital vascular and eloquent neural structures. Microsurgical resection, which always requires... (Review)
Review
Tumors of the lateral and third ventricles are cradled on all sides by vital vascular and eloquent neural structures. Microsurgical resection, which always requires attentive planning, plays a critical role in the contemporary management of these lesions. This article provides an overview of the open microsurgical approaches to the region highlighting key clinical perspectives.
Topics: Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms; Ependymoma; Humans; Lateral Ventricles; Microsurgery; Neurosurgical Procedures; Postoperative Complications; Third Ventricle; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 27235145
DOI: 10.1007/s11060-016-2126-9 -
Cell and Tissue Research Jan 2018Aging results in impaired neurogenesis in the two neurogenic niches of the adult mammalian brain, the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone of the... (Review)
Review
Aging results in impaired neurogenesis in the two neurogenic niches of the adult mammalian brain, the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle. While significant work has characterized intrinsic cellular changes that contribute to this decline, it is increasingly apparent that the systemic environment also represents a critical driver of brain aging. Indeed, emerging studies utilizing the model of heterochronic parabiosis have revealed that immune-related molecular and cellular changes in the aging systemic environment negatively regulate adult neurogenesis. Interestingly, these studies have also demonstrated that age-related decline in neurogenesis can be ameliorated by exposure to the young systemic environment. While this burgeoning field of research is increasingly garnering interest, as yet, the precise mechanisms driving either the pro-aging effects of aged blood or the rejuvenating effects of young blood remain to be thoroughly defined. Here, we review how age-related changes in blood, blood-borne factors, and peripheral immune cells contribute to the age-related decline in adult neurogenesis in the mammalian brain, and posit both direct neural stem cell and indirect neurogenic niche-mediated mechanisms.
Topics: Adult; Aging; Animals; Blood; Hippocampus; Humans; Lateral Ventricles; Leukocytes; Mice; Models, Animal; Neurogenesis; Neurons; Parabiosis; Rats
PubMed: 29124393
DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2715-8